Foreword
According to the World Health Organization, diabetes decades ago was a rare disease in both developed and developing countries. Today the story is different. Currently, it is estimated that more than 143 million people worldwide are affected by this disease. If current trends continue, this figure is expected to exceed 220 million people living with diabetes by 2020.
In the United States alone, 18.2 million people [6.3% of the population] have diabetes. An additional 13 million people have been diagnosed with diabetes. Unfortunately, 5.2 million people [or nearly a third] are unaware of their illness.
Nigeria figures are not immediately available, but in Nigeria it is estimated that more than 1.5 million people have diabetes.
In developed countries, most people with diabetes are over 60 years of age, but in developing countries, diabetes has been found to affect those great people.
What is diabetes?
Diabetes [or simply diabetes] comes from the Greek word “Dabein” and means “pass through”. Latin meritas, which explains a large amount of urination and means “sweet with honey”. These two words mean sweetened urine or sugar in the urine.
Diabetes is a disease in which the body does not produce or use insulin properly. Insulin is a hormone that is needed to control the rate at which sugar, starch, and other foods are converted into glucose, which is necessary for everyday life, in the body. Hormones are produced and released
• Invades the blood by an organ called Pancreas. This insulin helps keep blood sugar levels within the normal range. The World Health Organization [WHO]
60-100mg / dl [this value is called fasting blood glucose before eating the day's meal]. In health, there are several demands for glucose in various situations, but blood glucose levels rarely exceed this value.
After a meal, the liver stores glucose from the meal as glycogen and releases it into the blood between meals. The role of insulin is to control this glucose storage and release. Make sure that the amount of glucose in the blood at a specific time does not exceed or fall below the normal range.
Type of diabetes.
According to the World Health Organization [WHO], there are five classes of diabetes. Insulin-dependent diabetes [IDDM] or type I diabetes, non-insulin-dependent diabetes [NIDDM] or type II diabetes, gestational diabetes, diabetes insipidus and bronchial diabetes.
Insulin Dependent / Type I Diabetes: This type of diabetes was originally called juvenile-onset diabetes because it affects adolescents and young adults. It is caused by a sudden failure of insulin production in the pancreas. Therefore, it is an acute disease that shows thirst, polyuria [passes through a lot of urine], diuresis, and weight loss. Type I diabetes is uncommon and accounts for less than 10% of all diabetes cases.
Non-insulin dependent / type II diabetes: This is the most common type of diabetes, accounting for over 80% of all diabetics. Found in adults and the elderly. This type of diabetes begins gradually [not noticed] over a long period of time and is characterized by a lack of insulin, a lack of insulin in the blood, or the body's inability to reuse insulin [insulin resistance]. Because it occurs slowly and gradually, it is rarely detected until one or more long-term complications appear.
Unlike type I diabetes, insulin in the blood of type II diabetes may be normal or elevated, but lacks the desired effect because of insulin resistance, which is common in obese people .
Gestational Diabetes: This type of diabetes occurs during pregnancy and goes away within 3 weeks after delivery. An estimated 3% of all pregnancies are associated with gestational diabetes, and almost half of these patients tend to develop permanent diabetes in later years.
Causes of diabetes.
As with hypertension and other non-infectious diseases, there is no clear cause due to the most common type of diabetes [type I diabetes secondary to pancreatic dysfunction]. However, several factors are known to increase your chances of becoming diabetic, and these are called risk factors. For example, a slow and nourishing population is 2 to 20 times more likely to develop type II diabetes than an active and lean population of the same race. Some other factors known to increase one's chance of developing diabetes include:
Obesity: It is estimated that three-quarters [3/4] of all patients with type 2 diabetes are obese. A lazy and rich lifestyle tends to contribute to this. A 10 kg weight loss is thought to reduce fasting blood glucose levels by almost 50 md / dl. An active lifestyle with frequent exercise is also known to increase insulin sensitivity.
The international standard for measuring overweight and obesity is based on a value called BODY MASS INDEX [BMI]. This value is obtained by dividing weight [in kilograms] by height squared [in meters].
That is, BMI = body weight [Kg] / height 2 [meters].
Note: 1 foot = 0.305 meters.
For adults, a BMI of less than 25 kg / m2 is recommended.
25-29kg / m2 is considered overweight, and over 30kg / m2 is obese.
Family history: A family history of diabetes increases the chance of getting sick. In these situations, it is very important to lead a healthy lifestyle and constantly monitor blood sugar levels.
Age and race: Most people with type II diabetes are over 40 years of age at the onset of the disease. However, the rate of increase in the incidence of the disease with age is higher in those with a family history of diabetes, obesity, and perhaps a sedentary lifestyle. In addition, diabetes tends to be more prevalent among Africans, African Americans, Latin Americans, Native Americans and Asian Americans. Being in any race is a risk factor.
History of gestational diabetes: For women, the chances / possibility of developing permanent diabetes later in life are also increased.
Prevent / delay diabetes!
Diabetes does not heal forever once it develops and is managed for life. But you can prevent this lifetime pain. In most cases, a condition called pre-diabetes precedes diabetes before it appears in people. A situation in which blood sugar levels are higher than normal, but not enough to diagnose diabetes. However, if you don't monitor your blood glucose regularly, you won't know when to fall into this category.
Prediabetes itself is a serious medical situation, but it can still be recovered by changing dietary patterns and increasing physical activity. To determine your blood sugar level, you need to perform a test called fasting blood sugar. This test measures the amount of glucose in your blood before eating that day. Measured in milligrams per deciliter [mg / dl].
Values below 100 mg / dl are usually accepted as normal, but values above 100 mg / dl and below 120 mg / dl are still not fully diabetic and are considered prediabetes. An individual with pre-diabetic blood glucose levels needs to take urgent action to lower his blood glucose or endanger lifelong diabetes.
However, it must be emphasized that the racial and genetic factors that predispose to diabetes are still beyond human understanding and control. Therefore, it is common sense to minimize all elements that humans can control. Most of these factors are related to social occupations and eating habits.
The following tips can help reduce your risk of diabetes.
* Lose weight. Obesity appears to be the single most important factor in diabetes. It is very important to lose weight and fat and maintain average weight. For this purpose, a body mass index [BMI] of less than 25 kg / m2 for men and less than 24 kg / m2 for women is recommended.
* Increase physical activity. It is an established fact that diabetes is more common among people who are prone to sedentary lives. Simple and dynamic exercises such as walking 30-50 minutes daily or 3-5 times weekly have been shown to be very helpful. Exercise reduces weight and fat, increases heart function, reduces the chance of diabetes, and promotes emotional and healthy life.
* Reduce or reduce alcohol. Alcohol consumption of more than 2 units per day has been shown to have a negative effect on the body. Because alcohol is an addictive drug, it is very difficult to maintain a certain amount of intake for a long time. Therefore, it is recommended that you make an effort to cut alcohol completely.
* Avoid smoking. Cigarette smoke has been shown to contain several toxic substances. Smoking and alcohol are associated with several diseases. Stopping smoking will definitely reduce the chances of some diseases other than diabetes.
* Good eating habits such as:
* Reduce fatty foods and junk
* Eat more fish and poultry [better without skin].
* Garlic lowers blood pressure cholesterol. Please add to the meal plan from time to time.
* Cut eggs into 3-4 pieces per week [boiled better than fried].
* Reduce salt intake to less than 5.8 grams daily.
* Eat more foods rich in vegetables and fiber, especially fruits.
* Finally, constantly monitor blood sugar levels during fasting. This is the only way to know when you are in trouble.
Conclusion
Because diabetes and hypertension are interrelated, a comprehensive care plan is needed. This revolves around eating habits, social and environmental factors. Some lifestyle changes, such as regular exercise, maintaining average weight, reducing fat intake, and high-fiber diets, all help to lead a normal healthy life. These measures are known to increase insulin sensitivity and lower blood pressure.
In conclusion, it is very important to create a healthier person in the masses. People who actually believe that when the disease becomes stronger, it is better and cheaper to prevent than treat the disease. In addition, since the two go hand in hand, preventive health cannot be divorced from normal medical checks. There is no way to detect some non-infectious diseases without undergoing regular medical examinations. The importance of these checks cannot be overemphasized.
Please live healthy. Find your blood sugar level and live a healthy life free from diabetes pain.
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